Plant Breeding Principles and Methods 12th Latest Edition by B.D. Singh

Product details

Publisher ‏: Medtech Science Press 
Author : B.D. Singh 
Language ‏: ‎English 
Edition : 12th Edition 
ISBN-10 ‏: ‎ 
ISBN-13 ‏: ‎ 

The book Plant Breeding: Principles and Methods was initially designed for B. Sc. (Ag.) students of Indian Universities, and it was extremely well-received by the entire plant breeding community. Gradually, it evolved to its present form, which provides up-to-date information on both conventional and modern approaches to crop improvement. The book has 45 chapters, which are organized in ten parts, and cover various aspects of germplasm conservation and utilization, breeding of self- and cross-pollinated as well as clonal crops, breeding for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, special breeding approaches like ide type, improved quality, polyploidy, biotechnology, molecular markers, etc., evaluation and multiplication of improved strains, national and international organizations for crop improvement, and intellectual property rights. In this edition, two new chapters, viz., ‘Novel Plant Breeding Tools’ and ‘Plant Breeding in Private Sector Environment – Seed Industry at A Glance for the New Entrant/Aspirant’, have been added to enhance the usefulness of the book. This enlarged edition is expected to be immensely useful to all plant breeding students.

Content :

Part I: General Consideration
1. Introduction to Plant Breeding 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 History of Plant Breeding 2
1.3 History of Plant Breeding in India 4
1.4 Nature of Plant Breeding 4
1.5 The Disciplines a Breeder Ought to Know 5
1.6 Objectives of Plant Breeding 5
 
 
1.7 Activities in a Plant Breeding Programme 6
1.8 Some Important Achievements 7
1.8.1 Semidwarf Wheat and Rice 7
1.8.2 Noblisation of Indian Canes 8
1.8.3 Hybrid Millets 8
1.8.4 Hybrid Cotton 9
1.8.5 Molecular Breeding 9
1.8.6 Transgenic Varieties 9
1.9 Undesirable Consequences  10
1.9.1 Genetic Erosion  10
1.9.2 Narrow Genetic Base  10
1.9.3 Increased Susceptibility to Minor Diseases  11
1.9.4 Yield Plateau  11
1.10 Breeding for Climate Change  11
1.11 Iconic and Mega Varieties  12
1.12 Commercial Plant Breeding  12
1.13 Future Prospects  14
Questions  14
Suggested Further Readings  15
2. Domestication and Germplasm Conservation 16
2.1 Introduction  16
2.2 Domestication  16
 
2.2.1 Selection under Domestication  17
2.2.1.1 Natural Selection  17
2.2.1.2 Artificial Selection  17
2.2.2 Types of Selection  17
2.2.2.1 Directional Selection  18
2.2.2.2 Stabilizing Selection  18
2.2.2.3 Disruptive Selection  18
2.2.3 Changes in Plant Species under Domestication  18
2.3 Patterns of Evolution in Crop Plants  20
2.3.1 Mendelian Variation  21
2.3.2 Interspecific Hybridisation  21
2.3.3 Polyploidy  21
2.3.4 Models of Domestication  22
2.4 Germplasm  22
2.4.1 Land Races  23
2.4.2 Obsolete Varieties  23
2.4.3 Varieties in Cultivation  23
2.4.4 Breeding Lines  23
2.4.5 Special Genetic Stocks  23
2.4.6 Wild forms and Wild Relatives  23
2.5 Gene Pool Concept  23
2.6 Genetic Erosion  24
2.7 Germplasm Conservation  24
2.7.1 In Situ Germplasm Conservation  25
2.7.1.1 Merits  25
2.7.1.2 Demerits  25
2.7.2 Ex Situ Germplasm Conservation  25
2.7.2.1 Seed Gene Banks  25
2.7.2.2 Field Gene Banks  26
2.7.2.3 Shoot-Tip Gene Banks  26
2.7.2.4 Cell and Organ Gene Banks  27
2.7.2.5 DNA Banks  28
2.7.3 Activities in Germplasm Conservation  28
2.8 Collection of Germplasm  28
2.8.1 Exploration and Collection  28
2.8.1.1 Objectives  28
2.8.1.2 Areas of Collection  28
2.8.1.3 Sampling Sites  28
2.8.1.4 Collection Priorities  28
2.8.1.5 Sampling Procedure  29
2.8.1.6 Sample Size  29
2.8.1.7 Field Records  29
2.8.1.8 Merits of Exploration  29
2.8.1.9 Limitations of Plant Explorations  29
2.8.2 Procurement from other Agencies  29
2.9 Centres of Origin  30
2.9.1 The China Centre of Origin  31
2.9.2 The Hindustan Centre of Origin  32
 
 
2.9.3 The Central Asia Centre of Origin  32
2.9.4 The Asia Minor Centre of Origin  32
2.9.5 The Mediterranean Centre of Origin  32
2.9.6 The Abyssinian Centre of Origin  32
2.9.7 The Central American Centre of Origin  32
2.9.8 The South American Centre of Origin  33
2.9.9 Centres of Diversity  33
2.10 Gene Banks  34
2.10.1 Requisites for a Gene Bank  38
2.10.2 Management of Gene Banks  38
2.10.3 Genetic Erosion in Gene Banks  39
2.10.4 Core Collection  39
2.10.5 Constraints of Gene Banks  40
2.11 Germplasm Regeneration  40
2.12 Germplasm Evaluation  41
2.13 Germplasm Cataloguing, Data Storage and Retrieval  41
2.14 Germplasm Multiplication and Distribution  42
2.15 Germplasm Utilisation  42
2.16 Indian Plant Genetic Resources Management System  43
2.16.1 Mandate of NBPGR  43
2.16.2 Regional Stations of NBPGR  44
2.16.3 Exploration Base Centres of NBPGR  45
2.17 International Cooperation and Agreements  45
2.17.1 The International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources (1983)  45
2.17.2 International Code of Conduct for Collection and Transfer of PGRs  45
2.17.3 Global System for the Conservation and Utilisation of PGRs  45
2.18 Future Activities  46
Questions  46
3. Plant Introduction  47
3.1 Introduction  47
3.2 Types of Plant Introduction  47
3.2.1 Primary Introduction  47
3.2.2 Secondary Introduction  47
3.3 History of Plant Introduction  48
3.4 Plant Introduction Agencies in India  48
3.5 Procedure for Plant Introduction  49
3.5.1 Procurement of Germplasm  49
3.5.1.1 Gift, Purchase or Collection  49
3.5.1.2 Propagules  50
3.5.1.3 Restrictions on Export and Introduction of Plant Materials  50
3.5.2 Quarantine  50
3.5.2.1 Plant Produce Imported in Bulk for Consumption, Sowing or Planting  50
3.5.2.2 Plant Produce Imported as Small Samples for Cultivation and Research  51
3.5.2.3 Quarantine Procedure  51
3.5.3 Cataloguing, Evaluation, Multiplication and Distribution  52
3.6 Acclimatisation  52
3.7 Purpose of Plant Introduction  52
 
 
3.8 Important Achievements  53
3.8.1 New Crop Species  53
3.8.2 Direct Release as Varieties  53
3.8.3 Varieties Selected from Introductions  53
3.8.4 Varieties Developed through Hybridisation  53
3.9 Merits of Plant Introduction  53
3.10 Demerits of Plant Introduction  54
Questions  54
Suggested Further Readings  55
4. Modes of Reproduction in Crop Plants  56
4.1 Introduction  56
4.2 Asexual Reproduction  56
4.2.1 Vegetative Reproduction  56
4.2.1.1 Underground Stems  56
4.2.1.2 Sub-aerial Stems  56
4.2.1.3 Bulbils  56
4.2.1.4 Artificial Vegetative Reproduction  57
4.2.1.5 Significance of Vegetative Reproduction  57
4.2.2 Apomixis  57
4.2.2.1 Adventive Embryony  57
4.2.2.2 Gametophytic Apomixis  57
4.2.2.3 Significance of Apomixis  58
4.3 Sexual Reproduction  58
4.3.1 Flower  58
4.3.2 Sporogenesis  58
4.3.2.1 Microsporogenesis  58
4.3.2.2 Megasporogenesis  58
4.3.3 Gametogenesis  58
4.3.3.1 Microgametogenesis  60
4.3.3.2 Megagametogenesis  60
4.3.4 Fertilisation  60
4.3.5 Alternation of Generations  60
4.3.6 Significance of Sexual Reproduction  60
4.4 Anthesis  60
4.5 Mode of Pollination  61
4.5.1 Self-Pollination  61
4.5.1.1 Mechanisms Promoting Self-Pollination  63
4.5.1.2 Genetic Consequences of Self-Pollination  63
4.5.2 Cross-Pollination  63
4.5.2.1 Mechanisms Promoting Cross Pollination  63
4.5.2.2 Genetic Consequences of Cross-Pollinations  64
4.5.3 Often Cross-Pollinated Species  64
4.6 Determination of Mode of Pollination  64
4.7 Determination of Amount of Cross-Pollination  65
4.8 Detection of Apomixis  65
4.9 Relevance of Mode of Reproduction  65
4.9.1 Genetic Constitution  65
 
 
4.9.2 Nature of Gene Action  66
4.9.3 Facility in Controlled Pollination  66
4.9.4 Genetic Features of the Cultivated Varieties  66
4.9.5 Stability of Varieties after Release  66
4.9.6 The Method for Germplasm Conservation  67
Questions  67
5. Pollination Control: I. Self-Incompatibility and Apomixis  68
5.1 Introduction  68
5.2 Self-Incompatibility  68
5.2.1 Complementary System of Self-Incompatibility  68
5.2.2 Oppositional System of Self-Incompatibility  68
5.3 Heteromorphic System  69
5.4 Homomorphic System  70
5.4.1 Gametophytic System  70
5.4.1.1 Monofactorial Gametophytic System  70
5.4.1.2 Bifactorial Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility  72
5.4.2 Sporophytic System  73
5.5 Molecular Basis of Self-Incompatibility  75
5.5.1 S-Haplotype  75
5.5.2 SI Mechanism in Cruciferae  76
5.5.3 The Solanaceae Type SI Mechanism  76
5.5.4 The Papaveraceae Type SI Mechanism  76
5.6 Interactions Between S Alleles  76
5.6.1 Dominance  77
5.6.2 Competitive Interaction  77
5.7 Relevance of Self-Incompatibility  77
5.8 Elimination of Self-Incompatibility  78
5.9 Temporary Suppression of Self-Incompatibility  79
5.9.1 Bud Pollination  79
5.9.2 Surgical Techniques  79
5.9.3 End-of-Season Pollination  79
5.9.4 High Temperature  79
5.9.5 Increased CO2 Concentration  79
5.9.6 High Humidity  80
5.9.7 Salt (NaCI) Sprays  80
5.9.8 Irradiation  80
5.9.9 Double Pollination  80
5.10 Apomixis  80
5.10.1 The Ideal Apomictic System  80
5.10.2 Genetics of Apomixis  81
5.10.3 Development of Apomictic Lines  81
5.10.3.1 Gene Transfer from Wild Species  81
5.10.3.2 Induced Mutations  81
5.10.3.3 Isolation of Apomictic Recombinants from Interspecific Crosses  81
5.10.4 Applications of Apomixis  82
5.10.4.1 Fixation of Heterosis  82
5.10.4.2 Production of Homozygous Lines  82
 
 
5.10.4.3 Production of Vybrids  82
5.10.5 Advantages of Apomixis  82
5.10.6 Problems in Utilisation of Apomixis  83
Questions  83
6. Pollination Control: II. Male Sterility  84
6.1 Introduction  84
6.2 Phenotypic Expression of Male Sterility  84
6.3 Genetic Male Sterility  84
6.3.1 Origin of ms Alleles  85
6.3.2 Site of Action of ms Alleles  85
6.3.3 Molecular Mechanism of ms Action  85
6.3.4 Types of Genetic Male Sterility  86
6.3.4.1 Temperature-Sensitive Genetic Male Sterility  86
6.3.4.2 Photoperiod-Sensitive Genetic Male Sterility (PGMS)  87
6.3.5 Transgene-Based Maintenance of Nontransgenic Genetic Male Sterile Lines  88
6.4 Transgenic Male Sterility/Pollination Control  89
6.4.1 barnase-barstar System  90
6.4.2 Inducible Transgenic Male Sterility  91
6.4.3 Achievements  91
6.5 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility  92
6.6 Cytoplasmic-Genetic Male Sterility  93
6.6.1 Development of New CMS and Restorer Lines  95
6.5.2 Photoperiod-Sensitive Cytoplasmic-Genetic Male Sterility  98
6.5.3 Utilisation in Plant Breeding  98
6.6 Origin of Male Sterile Cytoplasm  99
6.6.1 Spontaneous Mutation  99
6.6.2 Interspecific Cytoplasm Transfers  99
6.6.3 Mutation Induction by Ethidium Bromide  100
6.7 Limitations of Cytoplasmic-Genetic Male Sterility  100
6.7.1 Undesirable side-effects of male sterile cytoplasm  100
6.7.2 Lack of or Unsatisfactory Fertility Restoration  100
6.7.3 Unsatisfactory Pollination  100
6.7.4 Pollen Shedders in CMS Lines  100
6.7.5 Modifying Genes


About The Author :
Brahma Deo Singh, Ex-Emeritus Professor, School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India, obtained his Bachelor’s degree in agriculture from Allahabad Agricultural Institute, Allahabad, India and Master’s degree in Agricultural Botany from Govt. Agricultural College, Kanpur, India with first position in the university, and was awarded the University Gold Medal. He obtained his Ph.D. degree from University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. Prof. Singh has 40 years of teaching and research experience in the area of genetics, plant breeding and plant biotechnology with research interests in genetics and breeding of pulse crops, plant tissue culture, biological nitrogen fixation, and molecular markers. He has published over 160 research papers in reputed journals and authored more than two dozen books in genetics, plant breeding and biotechnology. He was awarded the First Prize of the Dr. Rajendra Prasad Puraskar in 1987 and 1990 by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi for the books Padap Prajanan and Anuvanshiki, respectively